---
title: "Why JavaScript is broken: Effect and TypeScript"
description: "Michael Arnaldi argues that production JavaScript needs one composable model for errors, dependencies, and cleanup."
group: source
speaker: "Michael Arnaldi"
date: 2025-07-14
url: https://youtu.be/und9h4xiIz4
sources:
  - https://youtu.be/und9h4xiIz4
---

# Why JavaScript is broken: Effect and TypeScript

Michael argues that Promise and async/await divide synchronous from asynchronous code while leaving errors, cancellation, and resource cleanup difficult to compose. [07:43](https://youtu.be/und9h4xiIz4?t=463) [10:10](https://youtu.be/und9h4xiIz4?t=610)

He describes Effect as a lazy computation that keeps errors and requirements typed, and distinguishes failures a program handles from defects it lets escape. [11:05](https://youtu.be/und9h4xiIz4?t=665) [12:32](https://youtu.be/und9h4xiIz4?t=752) [23:38](https://youtu.be/und9h4xiIz4?t=1418)